A scientific review published in the journal “Neuroprotection” found that exercise may play a role extending beyond improving strength, balance and mobility in people with Parkinson’s disease by stimulating the release of molecules called “exerkines,” which may help reduce inflammation, protect nerve cells and support brain function. The researchers stressed that most of the evidence remains preclinical.
Signals traveling from the muscles to the brain
“Exerkines,” molecules released by muscles during exercise, travel through the bloodstream, deepening scientists’ understanding of how skeletal muscles and the brain communicate and raising questions about whether physical activity could play a greater role in routine neurological care.
We found that “exerkines” act as mediators of a two-way dialogue between the muscles and the brain. Although the brain controls the muscles, muscles send beneficial signals back to the brain during exercise through these molecules.
Growing interest in lifestyle-related interventions
Parkinson’s disease affects more than 10 million people worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to continue rising as populations age. Most currently available medications focus on controlling symptoms rather than slowing the progression of the disease itself, increasing research interest in lifestyle-related interventions.
The review supports calls by patient organizations to regard exercise as a central component of care for people with Parkinson’s, rather than merely an optional addition. Although neurologists already recommend physical activity, specialized rehabilitation services often remain limited by staff shortages and funding pressures.
The need for extensive clinical trials
The researchers cautioned against overinterpreting the findings, explaining that a large share of the evidence concerning muscle-derived signaling molecules is still based on laboratory studies and research conducted in animals.
The review noted the need for large-scale clinical trials to determine whether targeting these pathways can alter the course of Parkinson’s disease in humans. The researchers said that “exerkines” are emerging as potential biomarkers and mediators of exercise-induced neuroprotection, but stressed the need for further high-quality studies.
